Archive for the ‘Water’ Category

One Machine Crushes Cancer and Burns Water

Tuesday, March 3rd, 2009

Cancer is a terrible disease that changes the life of anyone it touches. One incredible individual diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, John Kanzius, was motivated to develop a new treatment for cancer after having to experience the grueling side effects of chemotherapy. He used the disease as a motivator rather than a reason to give up on life and ended up inventing a device that could change history in the process.

As an inventor, Kazius was used to looking for solutions in novel places. He decided that a radio frequency generator (RFG) may work against cancer cells and he used anything available, such as pie plates to build the first prototype, dubbed the Kanzius RF device, in his basement. It seemed fitting for this self-taught inventor to look towards radio waves for a solution since he had once owned a radio station and operated a ham-radio in the past.

The theory was that the RF device would target cancer cells that had been prepped with nanoparticles, made of either gold or carbon. These metallic nanoparticles absorb the energy created by the radio waves more readily than living tissue. The frequency emitted from the Kanzius RF device would heat up the metal and destroy the cancer cells bound by it while healthy cells are left intact. Kanzius’s device was successfully tested at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center in 2005 but has yet to be tested on human patients.

The late John Kanzius:
Is his process a promising
desalination technology?

That the RFG could potentially help make the treatment of cancer bearable was a major breakthrough, but what is even more impressive was that Kanzius came up with yet another use for the RFG by sheer coincidence in 2007: Kanzius’s mind was constantly at work and he decided that the transmitter could also function as a way to desalinate water. While testing out his theory, the salt water bombarded with radio waves did something that nobody expected-it ignited and never stopped burning.

The idea that saltwater could burst into flame was considered to be a hoax at first. How could something used to put out fires be flammable? Eventually, the truth was confirmed by Penn State University chemists. Saltwater could indeed burn.

The RFG disrupts the chemical composition of water, separating the bonds between the sodium chloride (salt), hydrogen and oxygen molecules that make up the water particles. Once the volatile hydrogen molecules are released, they ignite and continue to burn at an incredible 3000 degrees Fahrenheit as long as the RFG continues to subject them to the radio waves.

Videos of Kanzius’s invention have gone viral since they aired on national television.  Some people claim that the RFG is a stepping stone for utilizing the saltwater gushing around our planet as fuel. The RFG does create an incredible phenomenon, but it is not a realistic solution as far as converting saltwater to energy: Producing the necessary radio frequencies takes more energy than is acquired from ‘burning’ the saltwater. Not only that, but once the water molecules are separated, the toxic chemical chlorine is emitted. The device coupled with saltwater isn’t efficient enough as an energy source yet.

On the other hand, using the machine as a non-invasive cancer treatment is definitely feasible. Unfortunately, Kanzius would never experience the treatment he had invented to cure the cancer that eventually took his life. Weakened by two recent sessions of chemotherapy, he succumbed to pneumonia and he passed away early last month. Kanzius, a self-educated inventor, made a place for himself amongst the scientific elite and he will be remembered, and admired, for it.

Algalita - Shrinking The World’s Largest Garbage Patch

Thursday, January 29th, 2009

While racing towards Los Angeles from Hawaii on his yacht, Charles Moore decided to stray from the typical route and take what he thought would be an easy shortcut through the North Pacific gyre. Expecting to see nothing by calm, shimmering water in one of the most secluded regions of the ocean, Moore was shocked to find himself surrounded by mounds of garbage instead. For almost a week, Moore would walk on deck just to stare at sun-bleached toys, ropes, cups, and eerie shadows of plastic bags floating underneath the waves.

The North Pacific Gyre, noted for calm stable waters, and circular undersea currents, is calculated to contain over 100 million tons of trash. After its discovery in 1997, the area was dubbed the Eastern Garbage Patch by oceanographer, Curtis Ebbesmeyer.

During the late 1980’s, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) had speculated that huge quantities of debris were trapped by ocean currents. They explained that these masses of garbage would continue to accumulate where currents flowed around in circles, creating an effect similar to a vortex by trapping the garbage inside. The North Pacific gyre had been mentioned by NOAA, but didn’t receive much attention until Moore sailed through the area during the 1997 Transpac competition.
post resumes below image

The gyres of the world’s oceans.
(Photo: Algalita Marine Research Foundation)

It was no surprise that Moore, having grown up by the ocean and raised by an avid sailor, founded the Algalita Marine Research Foundation in 1994. This organization, based in Long Beach, California, started out studying the ocean’s chemical and bacterial properties, but their focus changed after Moore discovered the seemingly endless plastic soup during his unforgettable race.

Algalita quotes Moore on the subject: “there were shampoo caps and soap bottles and plastic bags and fishing floats as far as I could see. Here I was in the middle of the ocean, and there was nowhere I could go to avoid the plastic.”

Scientists estimate the swirling mass of plastics and debris is two times the size of Texas. In fact, the Pacific gyre has now separated into two ever increasing patches known as the Western and Eastern Pacific Garbage Patches (combined, they are called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch). This oceanic dumping ground is now a major spot for studying the effects of plastics on marine life.

Eighty percent of the trash floating in the patch is plastic. These plastics are slowly broken down into little pieces by the streaming sunlight and corrosive saltwater. Over time, these plastic chips will degrade to the size of dust particles which can easily become ingested by zooplankton. The effects of this on the entire marine food chain could be catastrophic. Even now, part of the ‘sand’ we find on the popular shorelines is composed of eroded plastic pieces mixed in with the natural crumbled coral and volcanic rock.

Algalita is one of many foundations dedicated to protecting the world’s oceans. One can hope that the growth of these giant garbage patches may be slowed down with the foundations’ restoration projects and outreach programs. If not, at least, their constant research on the effects of plastics and contaminants on marine environments will be better understood. This is the first step for finding a solution.

Unfortunately, we live in a world where almost everything is disposable, and it will take some time for that to change.

BioVigilant-Always Know What You’re Breathing

Monday, December 29th, 2008

When it comes to testing for contaminants-whether in your lab, production facility, or even in your own body-nothing is more excruciating than the wait. Current testing methods are painfully slow: It takes about a full week to get results from most labs, and there is nothing you can do but gnaw at your fingernails and plan for the worst.

BioVigilant has developed a unique tool that automatically detects a variety of contaminants such as mold, bacteria, dust and smog almost immediately. This is incredible news, since lab testing for the same contaminants is typically time consuming, costly and labor intensive (often requiring the growth of a substance on petri-dishes and identifying contaminants by squinting through a microscope).

While waiting for lab results, companies lose incredible amounts of money since they need to halt production. Not only that, but items such as medicines or water are wasted, since even the slight chance of exposing people to contaminants like bacteria, mold or a biohazard (like anthrax) is not a risk worth taking.

The IMD-A 220-4 can sample
28.4 liters per minute.
(Photo: BioVigilant Systems)

BioVigilant explains that their “systems detect-instantaneously and in real time-particulate count, size, and biological status. Unlike other rapid microbial methods, BioVigilant’s optically-based systems require no staining, no reagents, no waiting period, and little human intervention.”

The instruments developed by BioVigilant work non-stop (hence the name). They continuously sample the air in a specific area and screen for particles as small as 0.5 microns. Real time data is then presented on a computer screen for easy viewing. The fact that data can be analyzed and viewed over real time is important: This way, it is easy to determine the precise time an area became contaminated or to analyze how air quality has changed over time.

The Biovigilant systems come in two varieties: The portable version weighs only 30 pounds and draws in around 1 liter of volume per minute, while the larger version can sample around 30 liters per minute and is specifically designed for larger testing areas.

The technology was originally developed for the U.S military who used the systems for the sole purpose of testing the air for bio-agents like anthrax. This is definitely an important cause, but the technology can now be used for other purposes as well. For one thing, they ensure that production is taking place in the cleanest of environments. Not only that, but the technology is also essential in keeping surrounding environments stable by ensuring that no contaminants escape.

At this point, waiting for results is no harder than turning on a monitor, and hopefully what you see is good news.

Turning Air into Water

Tuesday, December 2nd, 2008

40 percent of the world is dealing with a water shortage. This means that over 2 billion people have to survive in barren and often unsanitary conditions, while everything crumbles around them. Nothing can survive without water. Plants dry up, cattle starve to death, and people succumb to the ailments associated with drinking unsanitary water.

The irony is that water exists all around us. Water droplets shining on leaves in the morning seem to appear out of thin air. This is where companies like EWA Technologies and Air2Water will collect water.

EWA gives a rough estimate of how much water there actually is in our atmosphere: “Air humidity, an unlimited renewable natural resource, is available to all mankind, except in few extreme climatic regions where the temperature is bellow 4oC or extreme arid zone. One cubic kilometer of air contains 10 to 40 tones of life-giving water. Nature continually recharges the atmosphere with humidity by evaporation from the world’s oceans, seas and fresh water bodies.”

Both companies use similar technologies. Air is pulled into a machine where it is condensed into water after passing through a filtration system that removes airborne particles and bacteria. Air2Water also applies UV light to the collected water to ensure that consumers won’t sip up any bacteria or viruses as well.

More than one billion people currently
lack adequate or sufficient drinking water.
(Photo: EWA Technologies Group)

EWA prides itself on using as little energy as possible in the process. By using both residual water and solar heat to power their products, the price of producing water comes to about 5 US cents per cubic meter!

EWA is focused on providing the liquid to nations hit the hardest because of economic hardships and location; like rural villages nowhere near a river and without pipelines.

EWA uses a desiccant material to attract moisture. (Silica Gel and Rice (often found in salt shakers) are examples of desiccant materials that absorb moisture from the air.) The water is then collected through processes involving wind drying, heating and vacuum. EWA has a variety of models, all using the same technology, ranging from devices that produce a few liters to larger machines that pour out a whopping 1000 liters on a daily basis. Combining a few of the larger machines could fill up a swimming pool in no time!

Water has been a topic of debate for decades. WaterAsia is hosting their 9th international conference and exhibition this month, which focuses entirely on the water industry. Companies like EWA and Air2Water are sure to make an appearance alongside representatives of breweries, power stations, oil refineries, fiber plants and countless other companies that depend on water to function. It seems like everyone could benefit from a little more water at their disposal.

Cleaning Without Poison

Thursday, November 13th, 2008

Nobody likes a dirty workspace, but the chemicals splashed onto counters, mirrors and walls often leave a toxic residue that can cause more damage than the grime you clean off. Half of our lives are spent indoors. Who wants to spend that time inhaling unpronounceable chemical ingredients that float through the air?

According to California’s Green Initiative (a government funded directive) “Each year about six out of every 100 professional janitors are injured by the chemicals in the products that they use. Burns to the eyes and skin are the most common injuries, followed closely by breathing toxic fumes. Repeated long-term exposure may cause chronic illnesses or allergic reactions to workers who are exposed to chemicals regularly.”

The toxic fumes aren’t the only problem. Millions of mop heads, dirty sponges, soaps and bleach mixtures end up in the trash or flow to our rivers and even our crops!. The Green California website continues to explain that “Californians [not unlike everyone else in the world] wash tons of liquid cleaners down the drain, which may eventually flow into our rivers and ocean, or end up on agricultural land. For example, researchers found that approximately 75 percent of the antibacterial hand soap ingredient, triclocarban, persists during wastewater treatment and accumulates in municipal sludge, which later is used as fertilizer for crops”.

Chlorine-free diapers
(Photo: Seventh Generation, Inc.)

Companies like Seventh Generation and Tuway provide alternative cleaning methods to reduce environmental damage and product costs.

Seventh Generation offers an impressive assortment of cleaning products made without bleach or fragrances and with more delicate detergents. The company also warns that many items claimed to be “fragrance free” actually use yet another chemical to MASK a scent that would be quite obvious without this masking agent.

With nothing to hide, Seventh Generation discloses all of their ingredients which are made with natural oils, botanical extracts and of course the occasional dash of hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate (still a far cry from the immense list of chemicals in traditional cleaners).

Tuway, on the other hand, focuses on the cloth cleaning materials such as sponges and mops. Their microfiber mops last three times longer than conventional mops (made from the floppy synthetic and cotton blended yarn that tends to fall apart so easily). Tuway’s microfiber has tiny cross-sections on every fiber which lift and trap moisture and bacteria with seven times the absorption rate of traditional mops. Microfiber mops reduce the amount of bacteria in the area by 99%, which is substantial when compared to the 30% absorbed by regular mops. All this reduces mop costs, water usage, chemical costs and labor.

There are options to clean house without having to sacrifice air quality. Contrary to popular belief, harsh chemicals aren’t always necessary to get things clean.

(On a side note, there are a few plants homeowners can put in their homes to help remove contaminants from the air such as spider plants, English ivy, potted mums and Peace lilies. )

AbTech Sucking Up Pollution

Thursday, September 18th, 2008

Oil drips to the ground at the neighborhood filling station-from cars and trucks passing through and from the rows of storage tanks. The spill sits on the cement innocently enough, but takes on a life of its own when rain pummels to the ground. With the force of rain, the oil snakes its way towards the storm drain and slithers towards the coast. There it joins the other pollutants that arrive by leaching into rivers flowing into the ocean. Water pollution is a huge issue: In fact, the annual global petroleum pollution alone, is comparable to the Exxon Valdez spilling 5 times over!

Water pollution comes in many forms including industrial or sewage pollution. But nonpoint source pollution (NPS)-pollution from a variety of sources-is much harder to track. In the U.S, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) explains that “NPS pollution is caused by rainfall or snowmelt moving over and through the ground. As the runoff moves, it picks up and carries away natural and human-made pollutants, finally depositing them into lakes, rivers, wetlands, coastal waters, and even our underground sources of drinking water.”

Vacationers who have come to find their favorite surfing spot inaccessible because of unhealthy toxicity levels in the water leave disappointed, while wells supplying water to cities are often closed due to chemical leaks into the groundwater. ABtech Industries, Inc, a technology firm focusing on solving the issue of water pollutants, has figured out a solution by developing products that absorb the many harmful pollutants that find their way to our water supplies and beaches. AbTech explains that their products are “based on polymer technologies capable of removing hydrocarbons, bacterial pathogens, sediment and other foreign elements from still (ponds, lakes and marinas) or flowing water (curbside drains, pipe outflows, rivers and oceans).”

AbTech’s Smart Sponge®, for example, fully encapsulates oil, soaking it up so effectively that it won’t leak out. A surprising fact is that the absorbed oils and pollutants don’t stay liquid once absorbed. The Sponge transforms the pollutants into a solid form which make the recycling process much simpler. The technology is ideal for use in Marinas, where boaters would discharge clean water from bilge pumps with the use of the sponge and AbTech is proud to say that the “proprietary polymer technology unique in its ability to effectively remove, absorb and retain hydrocarbons from flowing or pooled water and is the only company to combine an anti- microbial agent in a polymer-based filter to destroy bacteria at the street level.” The Smart Sponge can simply be placed at storm drain entrances to filter out the harmful bacteria and oils before they even get a chance to surprise unsuspecting beachgoers.

AbTech goes on explaining that their lab tests prove that the Smart Sponge is able to absorb up to 5 times its own weight, and will remove oil from water regardless of the amount. This means that even the thin sheen of oils floating on top of water can be absorbed without a problem.

Costing almost $1000 a piece, a Smart Sponge is a worthy investment for cleaner and healthier water. A sponge is more appealing than the complicated ultraviolet or chlorine treatments (also expensive options) and is even reusable (up to a point).

It isn’t a surprise that AbTech was named the winner of the water management category at the 2008 GoingGreen event. Even the EPA lists the Smart Sponge Technology as a Best Management Practice and it would be government money put to good use.

 Time to suck up the oil that’s spit into our waters.

The Living Tower

Wednesday, June 25th, 2008

Getting fruits and vegetables onto the kitchen table is a stressful affair. Farmers constantly deal with pests, weather changes, pesticides, droughts, increased costs of running equipment and crop diseases. For example, the moth, Helicoverpa armigera, causes crop damage in excess of 5 billion dollars worldwide per year, while the 2008 floods in the U.S Midwest have already soaked through thousands of acres of farmland.

Losing a crop is extremely frustrating; especially to farmers who excitedly bought land and then purchased the popular $110,000 180-PTO horsepower diesel tractor to maintain the now demolished harvest. Architects and agriculturalists believe that many of these issues can be solved with indoor agriculture. Not only that, but by incorporating farming into high rise buildings protected from outside variables, the volume of produce harvested increases dramatically. In fact, one indoor acre may yield up to 6 times as much of a crop as a traditional outdoor farm.

The Living Tower, a theoretical 30 floor high rise farming community designed by Paris based SOA architects, would house;
130 apartments on the first 15 floors, 9000 square meters of office space on the remaining 15 floors, a 7000 square meter shopping center, a library and even a nursery in addition to the gardens distributed throughout the building. Link to the Press Release for more information.

Living Tower architects have focused on specific crop productions and believe the following estimates will represent respective crop yields:

63000 kg of tomatoes per year
37 333 feet of salads per year
9 324 kg of strawberries per year

The building design keeps efficiency and alternative power in mind as well: two large windmills rotating on the roof will generate 200-600 KWH of electricity per annum and will assist in pumping recovered rainwater throughout the complex. Photovoltaic panels will cover the outer walls while inside the tower, ventilation shafts draw in underground air keeping temperatures comfortable throughout the year.

VerticalFarm.com, a website devoted to vertical farming (VF) architecture, provides a list of benefits associated with the technology:

• No weather-related crop failures due to droughts, floods, pests
• All VF food is grown organically: no herbicides, pesticides, or fertilizers
• VF virtually eliminates agricultural runoff by recycling black water
• VF returns farmland to nature, restoring ecosystem functions and services
• VF greatly reduces the incidence of many infectious diseases that are acquired at the agricultural interface
• VF converts black and gray water into potable water by collecting the water of Evapo-transpiration
• VF adds energy back to the grid via methane generation from composting non-edible parts of plants and animals
• VF dramatically reduces fossil fuel use (no tractors, plows, shipping.)
• VF converts abandoned urban properties into food production centers
• VF creates sustainable environments for urban centers
• VF creates new employment opportunities
• VF may prove to be useful for integrating into refugee camps
• VF offers the promise of measurable economic improvement for tropical and subtropical
• VF could reduce the incidence of armed conflict over natural resources, such as water and land for agriculture

There are few things more satisfying than picking a ripened tomato from your own tree and enjoying the fruit knowing that you don’t have to worry about pesticides, importing problems or other issues involved with the agriculture business. With vertical farming on the rise, it won’t be unheard of to enjoy homegrown strawberries while snow piles up on the busy city streets below.