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Peatland
(also referred to as mires) is an ecosystem where decomposition of organic matter happens faster than it can grow, which causes partially decomposed vegetative material to build up, this is known as peat. Peatlands dominated by grasslike sedges, are called fens,
where the vegetation is in contact with actual soil. On the other end of the spectrum are bogs, where there is so much peat built up, vegetation never comes in contact with the soil. Bogs are typically dominated by acid-forming sphagnum moss. Peatlands are commonly found in the northern regions of the world.
Plant Life
Sphagnum moss is extremely prolific in peatlands and bogs. Sphagnum basins become so low in groundwater minerals and high in acidity that sedges and grasses will retreat to the edges where they can get a foothold in actual mineral soil. Occassionally a quaking bog will be created, sphagnum moss forms a floating mat on the water and thickens to the point that it can support other vegetation such as heath, and continue to thicken until it reaches the bottom. Other plant life which can be found in peatlands, bogs and fens can include grasses, reeds, sedges, and cattails. Pollen grains preserved in bogs have provided us with many clues to past plant life of the ancient bogs. Because of commercial excavation of peat, used as an energy source, peatlands are now becoming endangered ecosystems.
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